Interferon-stimulated dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate immunotherapy response — ASN Events

Interferon-stimulated dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate immunotherapy response (#258)

Jason Shoush 1 , Jerrick To 2 , Malay Haldar 3
  1. Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  2. Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  3. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Dendritic cells (DCs), though rare in tumors, are key players in anti-tumor immunity. Using Zbtb46-reporter mice, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to profile tumor-infiltrating DCs. Unsupervised clustering identified a cluster of activated interferon gamma-exposed DCs (IFNγ-DCs) derived from type 2 conventional DCs (cDC2s). We were also able to identify this cluster in human data sets. Similar to migratory DCs (mDCs), IFNγ-DCs were able to induce T cell proliferation and activation ex vivo, demonstrating robust antigen presentation capacity. However, unlike mDCs, IFNγ-DCs do not express CCR7 and do not upregulate CCR7 in response to DAMPs ex vivo. Rather, IFNγ-DCs persist in the tumor and express higher levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 than mDCs demonstrated through scRNA-Seq and flow cytometry. Conditional deletion of the IFN-γ receptor in DCs reduced IFNγ-DC abundance and abolished anti-PD1 therapy response without affecting T cell priming, highlighting the functional specificity of IFN-DCs. Additionally, adding in vitro generated IFNγ-DCs back into established tumors increased T cell activation and abundance, as well as significantly slowed tumor growth. Spatial transcriptomics and confocal imaging demonstrated that IFNγ-DCs localize closer to T cells and CD8 T cells than mDCs, as well as confirmed distinct localization patterns within the tumor microenvironment. Finally, IFNγ inhibited CCR7 upregulation in Flt3L generated bone marrow derived DCs. These findings reveal a division of labor among activated DC subsets within tumors whereby mDCs initiate T cell priming in lymph nodes, while IFN-DCs sustain T cell function locally in tumors, influencing immunotherapy outcomes.